https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Beta_laktamaza
Beta laktamaza - Revision history
2026-04-23T10:35:10Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1912&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 15:35, 2 January 2010
2010-01-02T15:35:23Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:35, 2 January 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen element v svoji molekulski zgradbi: '''''ß-laktamski obroč'''''. Encimi cepijo amidno vez v obroču in s tem <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">deaktivirajo </del>antibiotike.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen element v svoji molekulski zgradbi: '''''ß-laktamski obroč'''''. Encimi cepijo amidno vez v obroču in s tem <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inaktivirajo </ins>antibiotike.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So glavni mehanizem obrambe pri Gram negativnih bakterijah, odkriti pa so biti tudi pri Gram pozitivnih bakterijah.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So glavni mehanizem obrambe pri Gram negativnih bakterijah, odkriti pa so biti tudi pri Gram pozitivnih bakterijah.</div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1620&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:33, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:33:50Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:33, 27 December 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen element v svoji molekulski zgradbi: '''''ß-laktamski obroč'''''. Encimi cepijo amidno vez v obroču in s tem deaktivirajo antibiotike.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen element v svoji molekulski zgradbi: '''''ß-laktamski obroč'''''. Encimi cepijo amidno vez v obroču in s tem deaktivirajo antibiotike.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So glavni mehanizem obrambe pri Gram negativnih bakterijah, odkriti pa so biti tudi pri Gram pozitivnih bakterijah.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So glavni mehanizem obrambe pri Gram negativnih bakterijah, odkriti pa so biti tudi pri Gram pozitivnih bakterijah.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Beta-lactam_antibiotics_example_1.svg/397px-Beta-lactam_antibiotics_example_1.svg.png Slika ß-laktamskega antibiotika]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Delitev v skupine'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Delitev v skupine'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Znanih je več različnih tipov encimov iz različnih razredov. <u>TEM-1</u> je bila prva opisana β-laktamaza. Odkrili so jo na plazmidu pri enem samem sevu ''E.coli'' in je danes najbolj pogosta β-laktamaza. <u>SHV-1</u> je β-laktamaza, ki je bila pri bakteriji ''K.pneumoniae'' največkrat prisotna na kromosomu, našli pa so jo tudi na plazmidu.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Znanih je več različnih tipov encimov iz različnih razredov. <u>TEM-1</u> je bila prva opisana β-laktamaza. Odkrili so jo na plazmidu pri enem samem sevu ''E.coli'' in je danes najbolj pogosta β-laktamaza. <u>SHV-1</u> je β-laktamaza, ki je bila pri bakteriji ''K.pneumoniae'' največkrat prisotna na kromosomu, našli pa so jo tudi na plazmidu.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Zunanje povezave'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Zunanje povezave <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">oz. viri</ins>'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1619&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:21, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:21:15Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1618&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:11, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:11:58Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.digitalna-knjiznica.bf.uni-lj.si/dn_keber_rok.pdf Rezistenca na antibiotike]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1617&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:11, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:11:12Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1616&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:09, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:09:59Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotiki Antibiotiki]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotiki Antibiotiki]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1615&oldid=prev
Verjavec at 19:09, 27 December 2009
2009-12-27T19:09:24Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:09, 27 December 2009</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_lactamase Beta lactamase]</ins></div></td></tr>
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Verjavec
https://wiki.fkkt.uni-lj.si/index.php?title=Beta_laktamaza&diff=1614&oldid=prev
Verjavec: New page: '''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen el...
2009-12-27T19:08:01Z
<p>New page: '''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen el...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''ß-laktamaze''' so encimi, ki jih proizvajajo bakterije in so odgovorni za bakterijsko rezistenco na ß-laktamske antibiotike (penicilini, cefalosporini). Ti antibiotiki imajo skupen element v svoji molekulski zgradbi: '''''ß-laktamski obroč'''''. Encimi cepijo amidno vez v obroču in s tem deaktivirajo antibiotike.<br />
So glavni mehanizem obrambe pri Gram negativnih bakterijah, odkriti pa so biti tudi pri Gram pozitivnih bakterijah.<br />
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'''Delitev v skupine'''<br />
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Ločimo dve glavni skupini β-laktamaz:<br />
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<u>1.skupina</u>: sem uvrščamo serinske β-laktamaze, za katere je značilna aminokislina serin v aktivnem mestu encima, s pomočjo katere cepijo amidno vez v β-laktamskem obroču.<br />
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<u>2.skupina</u>: metaloencimi, ki imajo kot kofaktor kovinski ion, večinoma cink.<br />
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Z začetkom uporabe β-laktamskih antibiotikov, so se pojavile tudi nove β-laktamaze, ki so jih poimenovali β-laktamaze s širokim spektrom delovanja oz. BSBL (broad-spectrum β-lactamase) . β-laktamaze širokega spektra so se kmalu razširile tudi na bakterije, ki prej β-laktamaz niso proizvajale. <br />
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Ko so začeli proizvajati nove antibiotike, jih ß-laktamaze širokega spektra, zaradi posebne strukture teh antibiotikov, niso več razgrajevale. Posledično so se kmalu pojavile nove različice β-laktamaz, sposobne razgraditi cel spekter na novo uporabljenih β-laktamskih antibiotikov. Imenovali so jih β-laktamaze razširjenega spektra oz. ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase).<br />
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'''Razvrstitev v razrede'''<br />
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β-laktamaze so razdelili v štiri molekulske razrede (A, B, C in D), glede na molekulsko težo in aminokisline, ki so prisotne v aktivnem mestu encima. <br />
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V <u>razred A</u> so uvrščene penicilinaze in cefalosporinaze, ki jih inhibirajo β-laktamski inhibitorji kot je klavulanska kislina.<br />
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Encimi <u>razreda B</u> razgrajujejo vse β-laktamske antibiotike in niso občutljivi za klavulansko kislino. Večina β-laktamaz razreda A in B je kodiranih na plazmidu. <br />
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Med β-laktamaze iz <u>razreda C in D</u> uvrščamo kromosomsko kodirane cefalosporinaze in encime, ki hidrolizirajo oksacilin. <br />
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Znanih je več različnih tipov encimov iz različnih razredov. <u>TEM-1</u> je bila prva opisana β-laktamaza. Odkrili so jo na plazmidu pri enem samem sevu ''E.coli'' in je danes najbolj pogosta β-laktamaza. <u>SHV-1</u> je β-laktamaza, ki je bila pri bakteriji ''K.pneumoniae'' največkrat prisotna na kromosomu, našli pa so jo tudi na plazmidu.<br />
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'''Zunanje povezave'''<br />
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Verjavec